In which of the following scenarios are direct elections held?

Direct elections in China are primarily held at the local village level. This is significant because, while China has a centralized government structure and a Communist Party-led political system, villages have been allowed a degree of autonomy when it comes to local governance.

In practice, residents of villages can participate in elections to select their village committees, which oversee local issues and administration. These direct elections reflect an effort to give villagers a voice in their governance, although such elections do not extend to higher levels of government, such as national or state levels, which are tightly controlled by the Communist Party and do not feature competitive, multiparty contests.

At the national and state levels, elections are not conducted in a way that allows for true direct democracy; instead, these levels of governance are managed through internal party processes. In urban metropolises and state capitals, government officials are typically appointed rather than elected, and local governing bodies do not operate with the same level of electoral autonomy as village councils.