What does the term "iron rice bowl" refer to in the context of the Maoist economy?

The term "iron rice bowl" in the context of the Maoist economy refers to guaranteed job security and welfare benefits. Under the Maoist system, the government established a model where individuals had jobs that provided lifelong employment, along with accompanying benefits such as housing, healthcare, and basic social services. This system aimed to ensure that economic needs were met, engendering a sense of security and loyalty among workers.

The concept highlights the significance of state control and the commitment of the government to provide for its citizens, reducing the uncertainties that come with unemployment. In this system, citizens were not only expected to work but were also provided with the essential welfare measures to support their livelihoods, which is fundamental to understanding the social and economic principles of Maoist policies in China.