What is the primary role of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in China's economy?

State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) play a crucial role in China's economy by dominating critical sectors. These enterprises are typically involved in industries deemed essential for national security and economic stability, such as energy, telecommunications, and transportation. The Chinese government maintains significant control over SOEs, using them as tools to implement economic policies, influence market behavior, and secure resources.

By dominating key sectors, SOEs help the government achieve broader economic objectives, such as maintaining control over strategic industries and facilitating the transition of the economy during periods of restructuring or reform. They also contribute to the government's ability to implement long-term planning and state priorities, which can include initiatives in innovation and infrastructure development.

While innovation and environmental sustainability are important considerations for SOEs, their fundamental role is centered on maintaining control over vital parts of the economy rather than exclusively supporting private businesses or competing directly with foreign companies in innovation.