Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of how NGOs operate in China?

NGOs in China operate under a strict regulatory framework that significantly limits their ability to challenge government policies. While they may engage in advocacy to address local issues, they must navigate a complex political environment that often discourages direct opposition to governmental actions. This is a reflection of the Chinese government's emphasis on maintaining social harmony and control over civil society organizations.

In contrast, NGOs often find it beneficial to operate within the boundaries set by the state, which is why they might seek government support and must go through a registration process to gain official recognition. Additionally, collaboration with local communities is a common practice for NGOs as they strive to address grassroots issues within the parameters established by the government. Thus, the characteristic of freely challenging government policies stands out as inconsistent with the operational realities of NGOs in China.